ABSTRACT
In the new paradigm of health-centric governance, policymakers are in constant need of appropriate metrics to determine suitable policies in a non-arbitrary fashion. To this end, in this paper, a compartmentalized model for the transmission of COVID-19 is developed, with a socially distanced compartment added to the model. The modification allows for administrators to quantify the extent to which voluntary social distancing norms are followed, and address restrictions accordingly. Modifications are also made to incorporate inter-region migration, and suitable metrics are proposed to quantify the impact of migration on the rise of cases. The healthcare capacity is modeled and a method is developed to study the consequences of the saturation of the healthcare system. The model and related measures are used to study the nature of the transmission and spread of COVID-19 in India, and appropriate insights are drawn. Copyright © 2022 World Scientific Publishing Company.
ABSTRACT
Objective: The prime focus of the paper is to search out the impact of on-line study practices on students from the secondary ashrams of province throughout the Pandemic. The paper studied the impact in two completely different localities i.e., north and south twenty-four Parganas. Study habits perpetually have a motivating influence on the student's engagement and learning experiences. Therefore, this study can confirm the impact of on-line study practices on students from the secondary ashrams of province in the Covid period. Methodology: The study is Descriptive survey nature wherever stratified sampling techniques adopted for choosing the respondents from the study area of West Bengal. Theentire number of respondents was 201. As a search, instrument investigator used three verydifferent tools- three successful form tools used for assembling responses from the respondents. First form deals with the size of on-line engagement, the second deals with the online learning experience, and finally with the dimension of on-line study practices. The information analyzed with the assistance of descriptive and inferential statistics by using SPSS software system. Result: The findings of the study reveals that there is significant relationship between variables. It is found that both the localities of students does vary significantly in online engagement, online learning experience and online study habit. High positive correlation prevail between online engagement and online learning experience with r = .873. © 2022 University of Stockholm. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
A century after the great Spanish flu wiped millions of people off the face of earth, the world is at loggerheads with yet another pandemic: the coronavirus disease 2019 or COVID-19. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes the COVID-19 infection. It is a single-stranded RNA virus in the coronavirus family (Coronaviridae) named from morphology. The SARS-CoV-2 infects human respiratory epithelial cells a thousand times more than the previous coronavirus strains and does so by interacting with human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors. The transmission modes include contact droplets from infected individuals, airborne transmission or indirect contacts on infected surfaces. The best way of prevention is hand and respiratory hygiene practice. As such, the transmission may be wholly or partially arrested by the universal adoption of personal protective equipment (PPE). PPE include N95 respirator masks or surgical masks, eye protectors or face shields, alcohol-based sanitizers, protective gowns, surgical caps and rubber boots. All the medical devices intended for specific PPE types must meet the standards of the Food and Drugs Administration (FDA). The WHO has exceedingly recommended the use of face masks by the general populace living in the affected areas. Model simulations in the United States using COVID-19 relevant data have shown that even simple cloth masks can impede the spread of this virus and thus prevent community transmission. Various studies have attested to the fact that the use of face masks in conjunction with other practices like hand hygiene and social distancing can cause considerable benefits to the whole community. While wearing a proper elastomeric respirator, selecting the proper eye gear with the correct positioning of protection is also required along with face shields. Mass masking is only beneficial when the majority of the population-akin wears masks to herd immunity after vaccination. Amidst the spread of this pandemic, there has been increasing emphasis by medical specialists on the use of alcohol-based hand sanitizers and soaps for keeping the hands germ-free. Gloves as protective equipment are advised to be worn mostly by medical personnel for invasive procedures. They need to be changed after each episode of treatment or between caring for two different patients. Sustainability of PPE is also a budding trend. At present, PPE manufacturing resources are derived from polyester, polyamide, polyethylene and other polymers. In the near future, biopolymers like natural fibres for disposable PPE manufacture may overrule the market. In essence, masking and gloving can be considered to keep the harm at source, whereas sanitizing falls under mitigative strategies aimed at killing the virus. It may also be remembered that gloves are not substitutes for hand sanitizing, and sanitizers are still encouraged before and after wearing gloves. Patient care measures need to be optimized irrespective of conventional, contingency and crisis circumstances. These measures include personal protective equipment (PPE), administrative and engineering controls to be implemented in general spread of infection and regulation strategies in healthcare management. © 2022, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.